Forming the Subjunctives

From Saint Louis University

Grammar Helps Index

 

  

Tenses

Rules for Forming the Actives

Actives

Passives

Rules for Forming the Passives

 

 

 

 

 

Present

Take the typical present indicative active root.

  

Change stem to -E-/-EA-/-A-/-IA-, depending on the conjugation.

  

Add the regular active personal endings (-m, -s, -t, -mus, -tis, -nt).

I: laudem

II: moneam

III: dûcam

IV: audiam

III-io: capiam

lauder

monear

dûcar

audiar

capiar

Change the active personal endings to the passive personal endings
(-r, -ris/-re, -tur, -mur, -mini, -ntur).

 

 

 

 

 

Imperfect

Take the present active infinitive (second part fo the verb).

  

Add the regular active personal endings (-m, -s, -t, -mus, -tis, -nt).

I: laudârem

II: monêrem

III: dûcerem

IV: audîrem

III-io: caperem

laudârer

monêrer

dûcerer

audîrer

caperer

Change the active personal endings to the passive personal endings
(-r, -ris/ -re, -tur, -mur, -mini, -ntur).

 

 

 

 

 

Perfect

Take the perfect stem from the third part of the verb.

  

Add -ERI-.

  

Add the regular active personal ending (-m, -s, -t, -mus, -tis, -nt).

I: laudaverim

II: monuerim

III: dûxerim

IV: audîverim

III-io: cêperim

laudâtus sim

monitus sim

ductus sim

audîtus sim

captus sim

Use the past participle, the fourth part of the verb.

  

Add the present subjunctive of sum.
( = sim, etc.).

 

 

 

 

 

Pluperfect

Take the perfect active infinitive (ending in -isse).

  

Add the regular active personal endings (-m, -s, -t, -mus, -tis, -nt).

I: laudavissem

II: monuissem

III: dûxissem

IV: audîvissem

III-io: cêpissem

laudâtus essem

monitus essem

ductus essem

audîtus essem

captus essem

Use the past participle, the fourth part of the verb.

  

Add the imperfect subjunctive of sum
( = essem, etc.).

 

top

  

navigation bar latin teaching materials classics programs current course offerings faculty Latin, Greek, and Classical Humanities at SLU

  

  

  

  

pagekeeper