Case Name
and Typical Meaning / Use |
Sing./Plural
Endings |
Examples |
Nominative
The "subject case": the subject is the word found by asking WHO or WHAT before the verb. |
-US |
-ÛS |
sensus, sensûs Mihi placêbat sensus eius dê rê publicâ.
His opinion about the republic pleased me.
Hî sensûs commûnês sunt.
These meanings are common.
|
Genitive
The "possession case": The genitive word corresponds to the word that takes an apostrophe in English. If (A) is in the genitive, (A) possesses something else (B), with the emphasis falling on (B), so that (A) is somewhat like a modifier of (B): in student's book (= discipuli liber), the possession-word qualifies the meaning of the noun book. |
-ÛS |
-UUM |
sensûs, sensuum
Illud sensûs organô est praesens.
That is present to the organ of feeling.
Praestet fidês supplementum
sensuum
defectuî.
Let faith provide a help for the deficiency of our senses.
|
Dative
The "indirect object case": the indirect object is found by asking TO / FOR WHOM? or TO / FOR WHAT? after the verb. Certain verbs govern the dative. |
-UÎ |
-IBUS |
sensuî, sensibus Nûllî nostrô sensuî appâret.
It is evident to no sense of ours.
Ratio imperat sensibus.
Reason gives commands to the senses.
|
Accusative
The "direct object case": the direct object is usually found by asking WHO or WHAT after an action-verb whose action has a receiver. "We hold these truths." The accusative is also used after certain prepositions. |
-UM |
-ÛS |
sensum, sensûs
Sî igitur voluptatis sensum capit...
If it therefore gets the feeling of pleasure,...
Docet etiam natûra, per istôs sensûs dolôris, famis, sitis...
Nature also teaches, through those feelings of pain, hunger, thirst...
|
Ablative
The "by-with-from case": Certain prepositions and certain verbs govern objects in this case. Used alone it can have an adverbial meaning, for example, to indicate by what means something is done. |
-Û |
-IBUS |
sensû, sensibus
Sensûs rêrum cum sonôrum sensû concordant.
The meanings of the things agree with the feeling of the sounds.
Posuêrunt iudicium uêritâtis in sensibus corporis.
They have located the judgment of truth in the senses of the body.
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