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1 Practice / 2us Practice 2um Practice / 3mf 3n Practice / 4mf 4n Practice / 5 Practice |
Latin nouns have case-endings that make them like little phrases rather than like simple individual words. After you have studied the full chart of the declension, practice perceiving the ending-ambiguities immediately, and instead of thinking of the case-names (e.g. dative, ablative, etc.), give the full meanings as conventionalized here. This chart shows you which endings are unambiguous (have only one case as a possibility), and which are doubly- or triply-ambiguous.
Word |
Full Meaning |
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ROSA |
rose (s) [= as subject] |
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ROSAE |
(1) of the rose |
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ROSAM |
rose (o) [= as direct object] |
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ROSÂ |
by means of [or by] the rose |
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ROSÂRUM |
of the roses |
note plural |
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ROSÎS |
(1) to / for the roses |
note plural |
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ROSÂS |
roses (o) [= as direct object] |
note plural |
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Note: These ways of indicating the meanings of the words are only conventions: determining meaning in a sentence is more complex than substituting simple formulae like these. The purpose of this exercise is to get you into the habit of noticing and distinguishing and registering different inflected forms automatically and effortlessly. To achieve the necessary speed and ease of understanding, you should practice these exercises until you recognize the full meanings without having to pause and recall the declension-table.
Be aware that in the ablative case, if the noun refers to a person rather than a thing, then the noun is made the object of the preposition a or ab: a puellâ does not mean "by means of the girl" but [something was done] "by the girl." For extra brevity, by means of may be shortened to by.
Give the full meaning of each word-form or phrase in the practice-exercises below, following the conventions given above. N.B.: English-to-Latin exercises are found below the Latin-to-English ones.
1. philosophiae
2. îrâ
3. pecûniârum
4. sententiîs
5. porta
6. fâmîs
7. nautae
8. îram
9. rosa
10. rosârum
11. vîtâs
12. pecûniam
13. fortûnâs
14. philosophiam
15. nautâs
16. vîtîs
17. fortûna
18. puellâ
19. portâs
20. fâmâs
21. patriam
22. puellârum
23. philosophiîs
24. rosam
25. rosae
26. puellam
27. patria
28. îra
29. fâmam
30. portâ
31. puellâs
32. sententiae
33. poenae
34. fôrmam
35. fâma
36. philosophiâ
37. sententiâs
38. poenam
39. vîtae
40. philosophiârum
41. puellae
42. pecûniae
43. vîtam
44. îrae
45. fôrmârum
46. nautîs
47. puella
48. portam
49. pecûniîs
50. nautam
51. pecûnia
52. fortûnam
53. fâmâ
54. pecûniâs
55. rosîs
56. poenîs
57. fortûnîs
58. rosâ
59. portae
60. vîtâ
61. portîs
62. fâmârum
63. fôrma
64. poenâs
65. fôrmâ
66. fortûnâ
67. fâmae
68. fortûnârum
69. sententiam
70. îrârum
71. îrîs
72. nauta
73. nautârum
74. patriâ
75. patriâs
76. pecûniâ
77. philosophia
78. poena
79. patriârum
80. fôrmîs
81. poenâ
82. patriîs
83. portârum
84. puellîs
85. rosâs
86. sententia
87. fôrmae
88. sententiâ
89. sententiârum
90. vîta
91. vîtârum
92. poenârum
93. patriae
94. fortûnae
95. philosophiâs
96. îrâs
97. fôrmâs
98. nautâ
Back to full declension chart.
1. reputation (s)
2. lives (o)
3. of the punishment
4. by the money
5. by the shapes
6. opinions (s)
7. gates (o)
8. to the country
9. by the fortune
10. opinions (o)
11. by the country
12. shape (s)
13. punishments (o)
14. farmers (o)
15. of the gate
16. by the shape
17. by the philosophy
18. by the fortunes
19. lives (s)
20. to the money
21. girl (o)
22. to the angers
23. roses (s)
24. to the sailor
25. money (o)
26. reputations (o)
27. to the farmer
28. to the punishments
29. fortune (s)
30. of the reputation
31. of the girl
32. by the punishment
33. by the angers
34. philosophies (o)
35. by the reputation
36. farmers (s)
37. girls (o)
38. to the philosophy
39. by the anger
40. girls (s)
41. to the anger
42. anger (s)
43. fortunes (o)
44. of the shape
45. of the rose
46. to the girls
47. by the gate
48. by the sailors
49. life (o)
50. to the monies
51. reputation (o)
52. to the punishment
53. gates (s)
54. to the fortune
55. sailor (s)
56. of the fortune
57. of the opinion
58. by the girl
59. by the countries
60. rose (o)
61. to the sailors
62. shape (o)
63. to the gate
64. country (s)
65. punishments (s)
66. of the anger
67. of the life
68. to the shape
69. by the rose
70. by the monies
71. reputations (s)
72. of the punishments
73. opinion (o)
74. to the countries
75. fortune (o)
76. to the girl
77. money (s)
78. of the sailor
79. of the farmer
80. by the opinion
81. by the philosophies
82. farmer (s)
83. of the philosophies
84. philosophies (s)
85. to the reputation
86. shapes (s)
87. of the gates
88. philosophy (s)
89. anger (o)
90. of the country
91. of the reputations
92. to the rose
93. by the life
94. by the punishments
95. life (s)
96. shapes (o)
97. of the monies
98. to the gates
99. by the farmers
100. monies (s)
101. gate (o)
102. of the farmers
103. to the fortunes
104. fortunes (s)
105. of the girls
106. roses (o)
107. by the sailor
108. punishment (s)
109. of the money
110. of the shapes
111. by the farmer
112. by the gates
113. opinion (s)
114. angers (o)
115. of the countries
116. to the roses
117. by the lives
118. sailor (o)
119. to the opinion
120. punishment (o)
121. to the shapes
122. countries (s)
123. of the lives
124. angers (s)
125. of the roses
126. gate (s)
127. of the philosophy
128. of the fortunes
129. by the reputations
130. by the girls
131. rose (s)
132. of the sailors
133. by the opinions
134. country (o)
135. to the life
136. philosophy (o)
137. to the reputations
138. farmer (o)
139. to the philosophies
140. sailors (s)
141. of the opinions
142. girl (s)
143. of the angers
144. by the roses
145. countries (o)
146. to the lives
147. sailors (o)
148. to the opinions
149. monies (o)
150. to the farmers
Back to full declension chart.
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1 Practice / 2us Practice 2um Practice / 3mf 3n Practice / 4mf 4n Practice / 5 Practice |
Latin Teaching Materials at Saint Louis University: © Claude Pavur 1997 - 2009. This material is being made freely available for non-commercial educational use.
