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753
xi Kal. Mai. Rome founded.
753-673
Creation of Senate and Equites.
673-641
Destruction of Alba Longa.
641-616
Ostia taken from the Etruscans.
616-578
Tarquinius Priscus. Treaty with the Latins. Increase of Senate and Equites.
600
Date assigned to foundation of Massilia.
580
Earliest coins of the Italian Greeks.
579
Settlement at Lipara of Rhodians and Cnidians driven out from Lilybaeum.
578-534
Seruius Tullius. Murus and Agger constructed. Centurial organisation and local tribes (Sucusana or Suburana, Palatina, Esquilina, Collina) created. Between this time and 493 sixteen others came into existence.
550
Earliest Etruscan coinage, after Greek patterns.
537
Naval battle between the Phocaean settlers at Alalia in Corsica and a fleet of Etruscan and Carthaginian vessels. The Etruscans occupy Corsica.
534-510
Tarquinius Superbus.
524
Defeat of Etruscans and barbarians at Cumae by Aristodemus.
511
Destruction of Sybaris.
510
The Tarquins ejected.
150. FROM THE FOUNDATION OF THE REPUBLIC TO THE DECEMVIRATE.
509
Kal. Ian. The first consuls. Lex Valeria Horatia de prouocatione. The first treaty with Carthage, according to Polybius. Dedication of the temple of Iuppiter on the Capitol.
508
War with Porsena.
504
Migration of the Claudii to Rome.
501
The first dictator and magister equitum.
500
The Carthaginians conquer Sardinia about this time.
497
Battle of Lake Regillus. Temple of Saturnus in the forum.
495
Temple of Mercurius by the Circus Maximus.
494
First Secession and creation of the Tribunate of the plebs. Foundation of Latin colonies at Velitrae and Suessa Pometia (among the Volsci). Creation of the twenty-first local tribe (Clustumina).
493
Treaty of Sp. Cassius with the Latins. Temple of Ceres, Liber and Libera by the Circus Maximus.
492
Lex Icilia as to the rights of Tribunes. Foundation of Latin colonies at Norba and Sigma.
486
Treaty with the Hernici. Agrarian law of Sp. Cassius.
485
Condemnation of Sp. Cassius.
484
Temple of Castor in forum.
477
The Fabii at the Cremera.
474
Truce with Veii. Defeat of the Etruscans by Hiero at Cumae.
471
Lex Publilia Voleronis.
468-7
Antium taken from the Volsci and (Liv. ii 63) a Roman colony established there.
466
Temple of Deus Fidius.
462
Agitation begun by C. Terentilius Arsa, a tribune, to appoint a commission of five to draw up laws limiting the consular imperium.
460
Capture of the Capitol by the Sabine Appius Herdonius.
457
The number of plebeian tribunes raised to ten.
456
Lex Icilia de Auentino publicando.
454
Triumph of the agitation of Arsa. Mission of inquiry to Athens. Lex Aternia Tarpeia de multis.
452
A Syracusan force lays waste the Etruscan and Corsican coasts and occupies Aethalia (Elba).
451
Decemuiri legibus scribendis (all patricians) supersede all the magistrates and publish ten tabulae of laws, accepted by the comitia centuriata.
450
Second body of Decemuiri (partly plebeian), who decline to abdicate at the end of the year. They publish two additional tabulae.
449
Trial of Verginia. Second Secession. Abdication and exile of the Decemuirs. Renewal of the magistracies. Leges Valeriae Horatiae. Lex Icilia (indemnity for Secession).
151. FROM THE FALL OF THE DECEMVIRS TO THE CAPTURE OF VEII.
448
Lex Trebonia (to stop co-optation of tribunes).
447
Appointment of two quaestors by comitia tributa. Great defeat of the Tarentines by the Iapyges.
446
Arbitration by Rome between Aricia and Ardea.
445
Lex Canuleia. Institution of the tribuni militares consulari potestate to take the place of consuls in such years as the Senate might determine. Plebeians eligible.
443
Censorship created, open to patricians only. Latin colony founded at Ardea.
442
Allotment of land at Ardea (assignatio uiritana).
439
Sp. Maelius condemned.
438-435
War with Fidenae. Spolia opima of A. Cornelius Cossus.
434
Lex Aemilia, restricting censors (elected every five years) to a tenure of a year and a half.
432
First law to check malpractice at elections.
431
First temple of Apollo.
430
Lex Iulia Papiria de multarum aestimatione.
424
Capua taken from the Etruscans by the Samnites.
421
Quaestorships increased to four and opened to plebeians.
420
Cumae captured by Samnites.
418
Allotment of land at Labici.
415
Three Etruscan ships aid the Athenians at Syracuse.
410
The Carthaginians in Sicily.
409
The first plebeian quaestor.
406-396
War with Veii. The equites equo priuato introduced. Pay first given to the troops.
403
Camillus as censor imposes a tax on bachelors (aes uxorium).
400
The earliest tribuni militares consulati potestate who were plebeians.
398
Embassy to Delphi.
397
The Etruscans attacked by Gauls.
396
Veii captured. Temple of Mater Matuta.
152. FROM THE CAPTURE OF VEII TO THE LATIN WAR.
395
Treaty with Massilia.
394
Triumph of Camillus. Gifts sent to Delphi.
393
Allotment of land at Veii. Latin colony founded at Circen.
392
Temple of Iuno Regina on the Aventine.
391
Camillus exiled. Clusium asks for aid against the Gauls.
390
Battle at the Allia. Camillus recalled. His victory over the Gauls known to Aristotle (Plut. Cam. 22).
388
Temple of Mars extra portam Capenam.
389 (or 387)
Four new local tribes created in southern Etruria (Stellatina, Tromentina, Sabatina, Amensis). The tribes now number 25.
387
Dionysius of Syracuse founds settlements on both sides of the Adriatic (including Ancona and Hatria).
385
Dionysius plunders the Etruscan port of Pyrgi. Latin colony founded at Satricum.
384
M. Manlius condemned. New Latin towns no longer admitted to the League.
383
Foundation of the Latin colony at Sutrium in Etruria.
382 (or 372)
Latin colony founded at Setia.
381
Capture of Tusculum, which receives the ciuitas.
380
Antium and Tarracina become Latin colonies about this time.
377
The tribunes C. Licinius Stolo and L. Sextius begin their agitation.
375-371
No ordinary magistrates elected.
375
Temple of Iuno Lucina in the Esquiliae.
373
Foundation of the Latin colony at Nepete in Etruria.
368
The first plebeian magister equitum. Law to admit plebeians to the college of keepers of the Sibylline books, and to increase the number to ten. The laws of Licinius and Sextius passed.
367
First plebeian consul, L. Sextius. Creation of the praetorship (open to patricians only) and of two curule aedileships, to be filled in alternate years by patricians and plebeians. The Gauls at Alba. Temple of Concordia in the forum.
365
Death of Camillus.
364
The first ludi scenici.
362
The tribuni militum, formerly all nominated by consuls, now in part elected by the comitia tributa. M. Curtius leaps into the lake.
361
The Gauls (aided by Latins) three miles from Rome.
360
Fight with Gauls close to Rome.
358
Two new local tribes (Pomptina and Publilia) created in Southern Latium, bringing the number up to 27. Renewed treaty with the Latins. The Gauls defeated. Lex Poetelia de ambitu.
357
Lex de uicesima manumissionum passed in castris tributim by the consul Cn. Manlius. Law regulating interest.
356
The first plebeian dictator, C. Marcius Rutilus, is refused a triumph.
355-342
In several of these years both consuls were patricians.
354
Alliance with the Samnites.
353 (or 351)
The first ciuitas sine suffragio (Caere). The Lex Quinia (possibly about this time).
352
Severe financial crisis.
351
The first plebeian Censor.
350
The Gauls on the Alban mount.
349
Victory over Gauls and Latins. Raids by Greek vessels on the Italian coast.
348
Treaty with Carthage (called the earliest by Diodorus).
347
Renewed financial stress.
346
Occupation of Sora on the Liris.
344
Temple of Iuno Moneta on the Capitol.
343-1
First Samnite war, in support of the Campanians.
342
Military mutiny. Plebiscita to abolish interest, to forbid the holding of the same magistracy twice within ten years, and of two magistracies in the same year, and to require that one consul should be plebeian, the other place also being open to plebeians.
340
Treaty with the Samnites.
340-338
War with Latins. Victories ad Veserim, and at Trifanum.
339
Leges Publiliae Philonis.
338
Dissolution of the Latin League. Many Latins and Campanians become ciues sine suffragio. Antium becomes a Roman citizen colony. The rostra from Antium used to decorate speakers' platform. Archidamos the Spartan suffers defeat at the hands of the Lucani, on the day on which the battle of Chaeronea took place.
337
The first plebeian praetor.
336-4
The Ausones defeated; Cales captured, and Latin colony founded there.
335
A rising of slaves.
332
Friendship with Alexander of Molossus, who is killed in this year at Pandosia. Two new local tribes (Maecia and Scaptia) created. The whole number is now 29.
329
Capture of Priuemum. Tarracina becomes a Roman citizen colony.
328
Latin colony founded at Fregellae.
327-304
Second Samnite war, in which other Italian peoples join. League of Rome with the Lucanians.
327
First instance of prorogatio imperii. Siege of Neapolis by the Romans.
326
Lex Poetelia de nexis, diminishing the rigour of the law of debt (or in 313). Treaty with Neapolis.
324
The people of Croton, with the aid of Syracuse, defeat the Bruttii.
322
Overtures for peace, made by the Samnites, declined by Rome.
321
The defeat at the Furculae Caudinae.
320
Luceria and Fregellae captured by the Samnites. The Tarentines attempt to arbitrate between the Romans and Samnites.
319
Luceria retaken by the Romans.
318
Surrender of the Apuli and some other peoples. The praefecti Capuam Cumas now first appointed. Two new local tribes created in the northern Campanian territory (Oufentina and Falerna). These are the thirtieth and thirty-first.
316
Nuceria, Nola and Sora join the Samnites.
314
War against Aurunci. Latin colony founded at Luceria. Sora and Nola recovered. End of a war between Syracuse and Carthage.
313
Latin colonies founded at Suessa Aurunca, and on the island of Pontiae, and at Saticula (in Samnium). Fregellae recaptured.
312
Censorship of Ap. Claudius Caecus. All the military tribunes of the first four legions now elected. Duouiri nauales first created. Construction of the uia Appia to Capua, and of the aqua Claudia.
311
War with the Etruscans.
310
The Romans pass the silua Ciminia for the first time. Victory at lake Vadimo. Some Etruscan cities make peace. First recorded naval expedition of the Romans. Agathocles of Syracuse receives the support of Etruscan ships against the Carthaginians.
308
War with the Umbrians, and their surrender. Peace with the remaining cities of Etruria.
307
Expedition of a Roman squadron to Corsica. First prorogatio imperii by Senate.
306
Peace with the Hernici (most of whom become ciues sine suffragio). New treaty with Carthage. Arrangement with Rhodes; and a little later with Apollonia.
304
Submission of the Aequi. Peace with the Samnites and Marrucini, Marsi, Paeligni, Frentani. Censorship of Q. Fabius Rullianus, who (undoing the work of Appius Claudius) restricts the landless citizens to the four city tribes.
303
Latin colony founded at Alba Fucensis. Alliance with Tarentum.
303
Expedition of Cleonymus the Spartan to Italy. He is defeated by the Sallentini with help from Rome.
302
Painting of the temple of Salus on the Capitol by Gaius Fabius.
301
War with the Marsi and Etruscans. Peace with the Vestini.
300
War with the Aequi. Lex Valeria de prouocatione (rendering the dictator subject to the prouocatio). Lex Ogulnia, increasing the numbers of the augurs and pontifices and admitting plebeians to these colleges. The thirty-second and thirty-third local tribes (Aniensis and Teretina) are created, on the upper waters of the Anio and Liris. The first tonsor comes from Sicily to Ardea.
299
Latin colony founded at Narnia. Occupation of Corcyra by Agathocles; the island ceded to Pyrrhus four years later.
298-290
Third Samnite war, in which Etruscans, Apuli, Umbrians, Gauls ultimately join. Latin colony founded at Carseoli.
298
New treaty with the Lucani. Capture of Bouianum. Successes in Samnium recorded in the oldest of the Scipionum elogia.
296
Institution of the worship of Pudicitia Plebeia. Minturnae and Sinuessa become Roman citizen colonies. The statue of the she-wolf and the twins set up on the Capitol. Temple of Bellona near the circus Flaminius.
295
Self-devotion of Decius, and victory over the Samnites and their allies at Sentinum. Temple of Iuppiter Victor. Temple of Venus by the Circus Maximus.
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