|
96
Murder of Domitian (18 Sept.) and election of Nerua by the Senate (19 Sept.). The Lex agraria of Nerua (the last law voted by the comitia).
97
Adoption of Trajan by Nerua. Institution of the alimenta.
98
Nerua's death (25 Jan.). Trajan (absent on the Rhine) succeeds, and passes the winter on the Danube. Tacitus consul; he publishes the Agricola and writes the Germania.
100
The younger Pliny consul. He delivers his Panegyricus. Marriage of Hadrian with Trajan's niece, Iulia Sabina. Death of Herod Agrippa II (last of the Herods). Extension of alimenta.
101
Trajan's first victory over Decebalus. Death of Silius and (about this time) of Martial.
102
Capture of Sarmizegethusa, and peace with the Dacians. Alimenta established at Velleia.
104
New war against Decebalus, ending in 106 with his death and the annexation of Dacia.
105
Tacitus, Histories.
107
Triumph of Trajan.
111
Pliny, as governor of Bithynia, corresponds with Trajan about the Christians. Marriage of Antoninus Pius and Faustina.
113
Trajan begins his campaigns against Parthia. Completion of the Forum and Column of Trajan and the Basilica Ulpia. Death of Pliny the younger.
115
Conquest of Mesopotamia. The arch at Beneuentum erected in Trajan's honour. Jewish agitations begin.
116
Capture of Babylon and Ctesiphon. Jewish risings in several places. The Annals of Tacitus published.
c. 116
First Book of Juvenal, whose latest Satires are later than 127.
117
Death of Trajan amid trouble in the East (8 or 9 Aug.). Hadrian, who had been adopted by Trajan, succeeds and abandons Trajan's Eastern conquests. He founds the colony of Aelia Capitolina at Jerusalem.
118
Conspiracy of old officers of Trajan. Hadrian reaches Rome (7 or Aug.).
c. 119
Death of Tacitus.
c. 119-121
Suetonius' Lives of the Caesars.
121
Hadrian travels over many of the Western provinces. Birth of M. Aurelius (26 Ap.).
122
Hadrian in Britain. Construction of the wall and vallum between Solway and Tyne.
124
Hadrian in Asia Minor. Rescript regulating trials of Christians.
c.125
Creation of four new officers named Iuridici, to administer law in Italy.
126
Birth of Pertinax (1 Aug.). Apology of Quadratus and Apology of Aristides for the Christians presented to Hadrian (about this time).
129
Hadrian at Athens. Builds the city of Hadrian there opposite the city of Theseus.
131
Great revolt of Jews under Bar-Cocheba. P. Saluius Iulianus (praetor urbanus) issues the final edition of the edictum petpetuum, known afterwards as edictum Saluianum.
135
Jewish insurrection suppressed.
136
Hadrian adopts L. Ceionius Commodus, whose daughter is betrothed to M. Annius Verus. Death of the empress Sabina.
185. ANTONINUS PIUS, M. AURELIUS AND L. VERUS.
138
Death of Hadrian's adopted son. Hadrian adopts T. Aurelius Antoninus, who had adopted his nephew M. Annius Verus (Marcus Aurelius) and also the son of L. Ceionius Commodus (Lucius Verus). Death of Hadrian (10 July). Succession of Antoninus, surnamed Pius by the Senate.
139
Hadrian deified, against the Senators' wishes.
141
Death of the empress Faustina, in whose honour endowments are created for the nurture of poor girls (Faustinianae).
143
Lollius Vrbicus defeats the Brigantes and constructs a line of defensive works between Forth and Clyde (the wall of Antoninus).
145
Marriage of M. Aurelius and the younger Faustina.
147
M. Aurelius receives the imperium proconsulare, the tribunicia potestas, and the ius quintae relationis.
150
Justin's first defence of the Christians, addressed to Antoninus, M. Aurelius and L. Perus.
154
War with Parthia, concluded in the year following.
160
Justin's second Apology for the Christians, addressed to the Senate.
161
Death and deification of Antoninus, who had named as his successor M. Aurelius. The new emperor names L. Verus as joint-emperor. For the first time two emperors rule the empire together. The Institutiones of Gaius published.
163
Parthians expelled from Armenia by L. Verus.
165
Peace between Rome and Parthia. Widespread pestilence.
167
Rising of Marcomanni and barbarian invasions of Dacia, Pannonia, Noricum and Raetia. M. Aurelius and L. Verus on the Danube. Famine and pestilence prevalent.
168
Peace with the barbarians.
169
Death and deification of L. Verus. A fresh barbarian invasion threatens Aquileia. The emperor on the Danube. The Noctes Atticae of Aulus Gellius.
170
The Langobardi appear on the Rhine and the Mauri invade Spain.
172
Victories over the Marcomanni and Iazyges.
173
Spain harassed by the Mauri.
174
Victory over the Quadi (connected with the legend of the Thundering legion). The Meditations written about this time.
175
Peace with barbarians. Revolt and death of Auidius Cassius in Syria. Death and deification of Faustina.
176
The emperor at Antioch, Alexandria and Athens (where chairs of philosophy are endowed by him).
178
Rising of Marcomanni and other barbarians.
186. FROM THE ACCESSION OF COMMODUS TO THE DEATH OF SEPTIMIUS SEVERUS.
180
Death of M. Aurelius, of plague, by the Danube (17 Mar.). Commodus succeeds. Pacification of Daci, Quadi, Iazyges, Vandali. Perennis is Prefect of Praetorians.
182
Dacian rising.
183
Conspiracy set on foot by the emperor's sister Lucilla; her execution and that of the empress Crispina.
185
Perennis executed; Cleander Prefect of the Praetorians.
189
Famine at Rome, charged by the populace on Cleander, who is executed.
190
Pertinax is Praefectus Vrbi. Many executions.
193
Commodus murdered (1 Jan.). Pertinax made emperor, but he is assassinated by the Praetorians (28 Mar.), who give the throne to Didius Iulianus. Pescennius Niger, governor of Syria, named emperor by troops in the East. The legions at Camuntum proclaim as emperor their general Septimius Seuerus. He reaches Rome (2 June). The Praetorians disbanded and a new body organised. Seuerus offers Albinus, legate in Britain, the tide Caesar, and marches against Niger, whose forces suffer defeat. Siege of Byzantium begun. Pertinax deified.
194
Plautianus is Praefectus Praetorio. Niger crushed at Issus and killed at Antioch.
195
Victories of Seuerus over Eastern tribes. He is the first emperor to describe himself as proconsul.
196
Capture and punishment of Byzantium. War against Albinus (declared emperor by his troops and supported generally in the West).
197
Seuerus defeats Albinus in a great battle near Lugudunum. Death of Albinus. Execution of many sympathisers in the Senate. Britain divided into two provinces. Deification of Commodus. Seuerus goes to the East to attack Parthia.
198
Caracalla proclaimed Augustus and his brother Geta, Caesar.
200
The Liber Apologeticus of Tertullian.
202
Seuerus returns to Rome, victorious, but refuses a triumph. Marriage of Caracalla with the daughter of Plautianus.
205
Plautianus killed by order of Caracalla, in presence of Seuerus, for alleged conspiracy. Executions of supposed accomplices. The lawyer Papinian succeeds Plautianus as Prefect of the Praetorians. Birth of Plotinus.
208
Seuerus in Britain, to check invasions from the north.
209
Geta proclaimed Augustus.
210
Seuerus, after having suffered serious losses, wins some success, followed by a revolt of the Caledonii and Maeatae.
211
Seuerus dies at York (4 Feb.). Geta and Caracalla return to Rome.
187. FROM CARACALLA TO THE LAST YEAR OF SEVERUS ALEXANDER.
212
Murder of Geta, charged with conspiracy. Many executions. Constitution of Caracalla, spreading Roman citizenship over the empire.
213
War with German tribes. The Alamanni (who now first appear) defeated.
214
Caracalla in Thrace and Asia Minor.
215
Caracalla, at Alexandria, orders a great massacre. Completion of his Thermae. He tampers with the coinage.
216
Attack on Edessa and Parthia.
217
Caracalla murdered near Carrhae, by contrivance of Macrinus, Prefect of Praetorians, who is made emperor by the soldiers. Death of Iulia Domna, widow of Seuerus.
218
Macrinus buys peace with Parthia. Some troops set up as emperor Bassianus, grandson of a sister of Iulia Domna, and priest of Elagabalus at Emesa.
219
Bassianus (Elagabalus) reaches Rome (19 Sept.). Temple of the god Elagabalus built at Rome.
221
The emperor adopts his cousin Seuerus Alexander (10 July).
222
Soldiers, incited by Iulia Mamaea (mother of Seuerus Alexander) kill Elagabalus. Seuerus Alexander succeeds (11 Mar.). Ulpian now Prefect of Praetorians.
227
The Sassanid dynasty (Persian) succeeds the Arsacid (Parthian).
228
Ulpian killed by Praetorians.
231
Persian army in Cappadocia. Alexander heads an expedition which next year fails disastrously.
233
Alexander celebrates his victories at Rome and next year leaves with his mother for Germany, to repel an invasion.
 |
