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154. FROM THE END OF THE SAMNITE WARS TO THE FIRST PUNIC WAR.
294
Surrender of chief Etruscan towns. Temple of Victoria and of Iuppiter Stator on the Palatine.
293
Temples of Quirinus and Fors Fortuna. Colossal Iuppiter set up in Capitol.
293
Insurrection at Falerii.
291
Latin colony founded at Venusia. Temple of Aesculapius on the insula Tiberina.
290
Treaty with Samnites. Surrender of Sabines, who had revolted. They.become ciues sine suffragio.
289
Tresuiri capitales (or nocturni) first appointed. Latin colony founded at Hatria. Death of Agathocles.
287
Fourth and last Secessio. Lex Hortensia. Severe financial stress.
286
Lex Maenia. About this time some of the ciuitates sine suffragio, including Tusculum, receive the full Roman franchise.
285
Thurii attacked by the Lucanians. War with Etruscans, Umbrians and Gauls.
283
War with the Senones (Polybius), ending in their complete destruction. Sena Gallica (in Umbria) and Castrum Nouum (in Picenum) established as Roman citizen colonies. Defeat of Etruscans.
282
War with Boii, ended by a treaty. Risings in Samnium, Lucania and Bruttium. Occupation of Thurii, Regium, Croton, Locri. The Tarentines attack a Roman fleet.
281
War with Tarentum and Pyrrhus, in which: some Italian peoples of the south take part. Etruscans again defeated.
280
Battle of Heraclea. For the first time, a plebeian censor conducts the lustrum.
279
Syracuse joins Pyrrhus. Battle of Asculum. New treaty with Carthage.
278
Treaty with Heraclea and departure of Pyrrhus for Sicily. Victories over his allies. Temple of Summanus.
276
Return of Pyrrhus, after victories in Sicily.
275
Hiero supreme at Syracuse. Battle of Beneuentum and departure of Pyrrhus to Epirus. Censors eject from the Senate an ex-consul, for the possession of silver plate.
273
Embassy from Ptolemy Philadelphus. Latin colonies founded at Cosa (in Campania or in Etruria?) and at Paestum.
272
Surrender of Tarentines and other enemies in S. Italy. The poet Liuius Andronicus brought as prisoner from Tarentum to Rome. Death of Pyrrhus in Greece. Temple of Consus on the Aventine.
271
Capture of Regium from Campanians, who had deserted from the Roman army.
270-266
War with Umbrians, Picentes, Sallentini, ending with their surrender. Capture of Brundisium. Rome supreme in Italy.
268
Latin colonies founded at Ariminum and at Beneuentum, with somewhat diminished rights. The ius Arimini is applied to all subsequent, Latin colonies, down to the foundation of the last in 181. Centralisation of silver coinage at Rome. Institution of tresuiri monetales. First recorded divorce. Temple of Tellus. Enfranchisement of Sabines.
267
Four quaestores classici appointed; one stationed at Ostia, another at Cales, a third at Ariminum. Temple of Pales.
265
Treaty, with the Mamertini of Messana.
264
Volsinii (which had fallen into the hands of the lowest class) captured. The First Punic war begins with the capture of Messana, which had been occupied by Italian mercenaries of Agathocles (Mamertini) and surrendered by them to the Carthaginians. The first exhibition of gladiators at Rome (introduced from Etruria). Latin colony founded at Firmum (in Picenum). Temple of Vortumnus on the Aventine.
263
Hiero of Syracuse joins the Romans, who win over several Sicilian cities. Latin colony founded at Aesemia (in Samnium). The first sundial at Rome.
262
Agrigentum captured. Timaios completes his history.
260
Naval victory of C. Duilius at Mylae. First naval triumph, celebrated by the columna rostrata. Temple of Ianus near the site of the theatre of Marcellus.
259
Roman successes in Corsica and Sardinia. Temple of the Tempestates by the Porta Capena.
258
Temple of Spes in foro holitorio.
256
Expedition of Regulus to Africa. Naval victory at Ecnomus.
255
Defeat of Regulus by the Carthaginians, under Xanthippus. Destruction of Roman fleet by storm at Pachynus.
254
Capture of Panormus. Temple of Fides in the Capitol.
283
Another Roman fleet destroyed by storm.
259
The first plebeian pontifex maximus (Tib. Coruncanius). Capture of Himera and Lipara. Refusal of the equites to work with the gregarii milites at the trenches.
261
Great victory at Panormus (on land).
249
The fleet under P. Claudius defeated at Drepilna after his contemptuous treatment of the sacred chickens. A large fleet of Roman transports destroyed by storm. The first recorded ludi saeculares.
248
Hamilcar Barca in Sicily.
247
Birth of Hannibal. Roman citizen colonies founded at Aesium in Umbria and Alsium in Etruria.
245
Roman citizen colony founded at Fregenae in Etruria.
244
Hamilcar at Eryx. Latin colony established at Brundisium.
242
Great naval victory of Lutatius Catulus at the insulae Aegites. The Carthaginians sue for peace. The office of praetor peregrinus created.
241
Peace with Carthage. The ceded parts of Sicily constitute the first Roman province. Rebellion of the Falisci. Two new tribes created (Velina and Quirina), completing the full number of thirty-five. Conjectured date of the changed order of voting in the comitia centuriata. Latin colony founded at Spoletium. Temple of Iuno Curitis.
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